Brazil
Overview
| Attribute | Value |
|---|---|
| SSS Relevance | ⭐⭐⭐⭐ Very High |
| Market Type | Liberalized (ACL) + Regulated (ACR) |
| Key Clean Resources | Hydro (56%), Wind (14%), Solar (9%), Nuclear (2%) |
| EAC System | I-REC |
| Grid Carbon Intensity | ~70-100 gCO2/kWh (one of world's lowest) |
Brazil has one of the world's cleanest electricity grids, with ~88% renewable generation in 2024. Massive hydropower capacity combined with growing wind and solar creates exceptional SSS potential.
SSS Relevance
⭐⭐⭐⭐ Very High — Brazil offers exceptional SSS potential due to:
- Massive hydro (56% of generation, including Itaipu)
- Operating nuclear (Angra 1 & 2, ~2% of generation)
- 88% renewable grid — extremely clean residual mix
- Growing wind/solar — but most I-REC tracked
SSS-Eligible Resources
| Resource Type | Capacity/Output | SSS Classification |
|---|---|---|
| Nuclear | ~2 GW (Angra 1 & 2) | ✅ Clearly SSS — not I-REC tracked |
| Legacy Hydro | ~110 GW, ~56% | ⚠️ Much tracks via I-REC; older plants potential SSS |
Operating Nuclear Plants:
- Angra 1 (640 MW, operational 1985)
- Angra 2 (1,350 MW, operational 2001)
- Angra 3 (under construction, 1,405 MW, expected late 2020s)
Major Hydro:
- Itaipu (14 GW, shared with Paraguay)
- Belo Monte (11.2 GW)
- Tucuruí (8.4 GW)
- Jirau, Santo Antônio, Ilha Solteira, many others
Market Structure
Regulator: ANEEL (Agência Nacional de Energia Elétrica)
Market Model:
- ACR (Ambiente de Contratação Regulada): Regulated market for captive consumers
- ACL (Ambiente de Contratação Livre): Free market for large consumers
Grid Operator: ONS (Operador Nacional do Sistema Elétrico)
Market Operator: CCEE (Câmara de Comercialização de Energia Elétrica)
Major Generators:
- Eletrobras (largest), CPFL, Engie, AES, Neoenergia
Clean Energy Policy
| Policy | Status |
|---|---|
| Net Zero Target | 2050 |
| Renewable Share | Already ~88% |
| Nuclear Policy | Supportive — Angra 3 under construction |
| Decarbonization | Focus on transport, not electricity (already clean) |
EAC Infrastructure
Primary System: I-REC
| Attribute | Details |
|---|---|
| I-REC Issuer | Instituto Totum, others |
| Scope | Renewables |
| Market Size | One of world's largest I-REC markets |
Important for SSS: Brazil's nuclear plants (Angra 1 & 2) do not participate in I-REC. Nuclear generation flows to grid as default delivered power, clearly SSS-eligible.
Emissions Factors
| Source | Value | Use Case |
|---|---|---|
| Brazilian Grid Average | ~70-100 gCO2/kWh | Location-based Scope 2 |
| Regional Factors | Vary by subsystem (S, SE/CO, N, NE) | More precise reporting |
| Residual Mix | Very low (hydro-dominant) | Market-based Scope 2 |
Data Sources
References
- Ember, "Brazil Electricity Transition 2024"
- IEA, "Brazil Country Profile"