Malaysia
Overview
| Attribute | Value |
|---|---|
| SSS Relevance | ⭐⭐ Medium |
| Market Type | Single-buyer with reform |
| Key Clean Resources | Hydro (Sarawak), Solar |
| EAC System | I-REC, mRECs (Malaysia RECs) |
| Grid Carbon Intensity | ~550-600 gCO2/kWh |
Malaysia has significant hydropower in Sarawak (East Malaysia) and growing solar, but Peninsular Malaysia remains gas/coal-dependent. No nuclear power.
SSS Relevance
⭐⭐ Medium — Malaysia has regional SSS potential:
- No nuclear (not pursued)
- Large hydro in Sarawak (Bakun, Murum dams) — but separate grid from Peninsula
- Gas/coal dominant in Peninsular Malaysia
SSS-Eligible Resources
| Resource Type | Capacity/Output | SSS Classification |
|---|---|---|
| Nuclear | 0 MW | ❌ Not available |
| Sarawak Hydro | ~4 GW (Bakun + others) | ⚠️ Separate grid; some exports to Peninsula via HVDC |
| Peninsular Hydro | Limited | ⚠️ Small-scale |
Market Structure
Regulator: Energy Commission (ST)
Model: Single-buyer (TNB), with some retail competition for large customers.
Grid Operator: TNB (Tenaga Nasional Berhad) — Peninsular; SEB — Sarawak
EAC Infrastructure
Primary Systems:
- I-REC: International standard
- mRECs: Malaysia Renewable Energy Certificate (domestic)
Emissions Factors
| Source | Value | Use Case |
|---|---|---|
| Peninsular Malaysia Grid | ~550-600 gCO2/kWh | Location-based Scope 2 |
| Sarawak Grid | Lower (hydro-heavy) | Regional variation |