Finland
Overview
| Attribute | Value |
|---|---|
| SSS Relevance | ⭐⭐⭐⭐ Very High |
| Market Type | Liberalized (Nord Pool) |
| Key Clean Resources | Nuclear (35-40%), Hydro (20%), Wind (20%+), Biomass |
| EAC System | Finnish GO Registry (Finextra) |
| Grid Carbon Intensity | ~50-80 gCO2/kWh |
Finland operates a low-carbon grid with substantial nuclear capacity, recently expanded by Olkiluoto 3 (Europe's largest reactor). Combined with significant hydro and growing wind, Finland offers strong SSS potential.
SSS Relevance
⭐⭐⭐⭐ Very High — Finland offers excellent SSS potential due to:
- Operating nuclear fleet (5 reactors, ~4.4 GW) providing 35-40% of generation
- Significant hydro (~20% of generation)
- Clean grid overall (~70%+ low-carbon)
- Pro-nuclear policy — Olkiluoto 3 operational since 2023
SSS-Eligible Resources
| Resource Type | Capacity/Output | SSS Classification |
|---|---|---|
| Nuclear | ~4.4 GW, 35-40% of generation | ✅ Clearly SSS — default delivered baseload |
| Legacy Hydro | ~3.2 GW, ~20% | ⚠️ Depends on GO retirement status |
Operating Nuclear Plants:
- Loviisa 1 & 2 (1,020 MW total, VVER design)
- Olkiluoto 1 & 2 (1,780 MW total, BWR)
- Olkiluoto 3 (1,600 MW, EPR — Europe's largest, operational 2023)
Note: Hanhikivi 1 project canceled (2022) after Russian supplier issues.
Market Structure
Regulator: Energy Authority (Energiavirasto)
Market Model: Liberalized, integrated into Nord Pool (Nordic market).
Grid Operator: Fingrid
Major Utilities:
- Fortum, Helen (Helsinki), TVO (nuclear owner), Pohjolan Voima
- Many municipal utilities
EAC Infrastructure
Primary System: Finextra GO Registry
| Attribute | Details |
|---|---|
| Registry Operator | Finextra |
| Standard | EU Guarantee of Origin |
| AIB Member | ✅ Yes — participates in AIB Hub |
| Scope | Renewables, nuclear eligible |
Important for SSS: Finnish nuclear can receive GOs. Residual mix is relatively clean due to high nuclear share in default supply.
Emissions Factors
| Source | Value | Use Case |
|---|---|---|
| Finnish Grid Average | ~50-80 gCO2/kWh | Location-based Scope 2 |
| Finnish Residual Mix | ~100-150 gCO2/kWh | Market-based Scope 2 |