Sweden
Overview
| Attribute | Value |
|---|---|
| SSS Relevance | ⭐⭐⭐⭐ Very High |
| Market Type | Liberalized (Nord Pool) |
| Key Clean Resources | Hydro (38%), Nuclear (29%), Wind (23%) |
| EAC System | Swedish GO Registry (Cesar) |
| Grid Carbon Intensity | ~20-40 gCO2/kWh (one of world's lowest) |
Sweden operates one of the world's cleanest electricity grids, with approximately 98% fossil-free generation. The combination of substantial hydropower and nuclear capacity makes Sweden an excellent SSS jurisdiction.
SSS Relevance
⭐⭐⭐⭐ Very High — Sweden offers exceptional SSS potential due to:
- Operating nuclear fleet (6 reactors, ~7 GW) providing ~29% of generation
- Massive legacy hydro (~38% of generation, 65+ TWh)
- 98% fossil-free grid — extremely low residual mix carbon intensity
- Mature GO system via AIB Hub
- Pro-nuclear policy shift — government supports new nuclear development
SSS-Eligible Resources
| Resource Type | Capacity/Output | SSS Classification |
|---|---|---|
| Nuclear | ~7 GW, ~50 TWh (29%) | ✅ Clearly SSS — default delivered baseload |
| Legacy Hydro | ~16 GW, ~65 TWh (38%) | ⚠️ Much participates in GO market; residual portion SSS-eligible |
Operating Nuclear Plants:
- Forsmark 1, 2, 3 (3,270 MW total)
- Ringhals 3, 4 (2,210 MW total)
- Oskarshamn 3 (1,400 MW)
Note: Sweden reversed its nuclear phase-out policy. New nuclear construction is now supported by government policy.
Market Structure
Regulator: Energimarknadsinspektionen (Ei)
Market Model: Liberalized, integrated into Nord Pool (Nordic electricity market). Four price zones (SE1-SE4) within Sweden.
Grid Operator: Svenska kraftnät (Swedish TSO)
Major Utilities:
- Vattenfall (state-owned), Fortum, E.ON, Uniper
- Many municipal utilities
Clean Energy Policy
| Policy | Status |
|---|---|
| Climate Target | Net zero by 2045 |
| Electricity Target | 100% renewable by 2040 (revised to include nuclear) |
| Nuclear Policy | Supportive — new build authorized, SMR interest |
| Elcertifikat | Swedish-Norwegian joint certificate system (closed 2035) |
Policy Shift: In 2023, Sweden's government declared support for new nuclear construction and removed the cap on reactor numbers.
EAC Infrastructure
Primary System: Cesar (Swedish GO Registry) operated by Energimyndigheten
| Attribute | Details |
|---|---|
| Registry Operator | Energimyndigheten |
| Standard | EU Guarantee of Origin |
| AIB Member | ✅ Yes — participates in AIB Hub |
| Scope | Renewables, nuclear (limited), high-efficiency CHP |
Residual Mix: Published by Energimyndigheten. Extremely low carbon intensity due to hydro/nuclear base.
Important for SSS: Sweden's residual mix after GO retirement is already very clean. Both nuclear and untracked hydro contribute to an exceptionally low supplier-specific emission factor.
Emissions Factors
| Source | Value | Use Case |
|---|---|---|
| Swedish Grid Average | ~20-40 gCO2/kWh | Location-based Scope 2 |
| Swedish Residual Mix | ~40-80 gCO2/kWh | Market-based Scope 2 |
| Supplier-Specific | Often near-zero for clean suppliers | SSS reporting |
Data Sources
References
- IEA, "Sweden Country Profile"
- World Nuclear Association, "Nuclear Power in Sweden"