Spain
Overview
| Attribute | Value |
|---|---|
| SSS Relevance | ⭐⭐⭐ High |
| Market Type | Liberalized |
| Key Clean Resources | Nuclear (20%), Wind (23%), Solar (17%), Hydro (13%) |
| EAC System | CNMC GO Registry (EU GOs) |
| Grid Carbon Intensity | ~120-150 gCO2/kWh (2024) |
Spain achieved 56% renewable electricity generation in 2024, with a diversified clean energy mix including significant nuclear capacity. The country operates five nuclear reactors providing reliable baseload power, making Spain a strong SSS candidate.
SSS Relevance
⭐⭐⭐ High — Spain offers excellent SSS potential due to:
- Operating nuclear fleet (7 reactors, ~7.1 GW) providing ~20% of generation
- Substantial legacy hydro (~13% of generation)
- Established EU GO system with clear residual mix calculations
- Growing renewable share but nuclear remains in default supply mix
SSS-Eligible Resources
| Resource Type | Capacity/Output | SSS Classification |
|---|---|---|
| Nuclear | ~7.1 GW, ~20% of generation | ✅ Clearly SSS — default delivered baseload |
| Legacy Hydro | ~17 GW, ~13% of generation | ⚠️ Depends on GO retirement status |
Operating Nuclear Plants:
- Almaraz I & II (2,000 MW)
- Ascó I & II (2,000 MW)
- Vandellòs II (1,087 MW)
- Cofrentes (1,092 MW)
- Trillo (1,066 MW)
Note: Spain plans nuclear phase-out by 2035-2037, but current plants contribute significantly to SSS pool.
Market Structure
Regulator: CNMC (Comisión Nacional de los Mercados y la Competencia)
Market Model: Liberalized wholesale market; regulated and free-market retail options. OMIE operates Iberian spot market (shared with Portugal).
Grid Operator: Red Eléctrica de España (REE)
Major Utilities:
- Iberdrola, Endesa, Naturgy, EDP España
- Numerous smaller retailers
Clean Energy Policy
| Policy | Status |
|---|---|
| Climate Target | Net zero by 2050 |
| Renewables Target | 74% of electricity by 2030 |
| Nuclear Policy | Planned phase-out 2035-2037 |
| Coal Phase-Out | Largely complete (minimal remaining) |
PNIEC (Plan Nacional Integrado de Energía y Clima): Spain's integrated energy and climate plan targeting major renewable expansion while phasing down nuclear.
EAC Infrastructure
Primary System: Spanish GO Registry operated by CNMC
| Attribute | Details |
|---|---|
| Registry Operator | CNMC |
| Standard | EU Guarantee of Origin |
| AIB Member | ✅ Yes — participates in AIB Hub |
| Scope | Renewables, high-efficiency CHP |
Residual Mix: Published annually by CNMC. Includes untracked nuclear generation in supplier disclosures.
Important for SSS: Spanish nuclear generation does not receive GOs — it remains in the "untracked" portion of supplier fuel mixes, making it clearly SSS-eligible for pro-rata claims.
Emissions Factors
| Source | Value | Use Case |
|---|---|---|
| Spanish Grid Average | ~120-150 gCO2/kWh (2024) | Location-based Scope 2 |
| Spanish Residual Mix | Varies (~250-350 gCO2/kWh) | Market-based Scope 2 |
| REE Fuel Mix Data | Real-time available | Verification |
Data Sources
References
- REE, "Renewable energies generated 56% of Spain's electricity mix in 2024"
- REE, "Electricity generation from renewable energies grows by 10.3% in 2024"