Italy
Overview
| Attribute | Value |
|---|---|
| SSS Relevance | ⭐⭐ Medium |
| Market Type | Liberalized |
| Key Clean Resources | Hydro (15%), Solar (10%), Wind, Geothermal |
| EAC System | GSE GO Registry |
| Grid Carbon Intensity | ~250-300 gCO2/kWh |
Italy has no nuclear power (shut down after 1987 Chernobyl referendum) but has substantial Alpine hydropower and growing renewable capacity. The country is a net electricity importer, particularly nuclear power from France and Switzerland.
SSS Relevance
⭐⭐ Medium — Italy has limited but notable SSS potential:
- No nuclear (referendum-banned since 1987)
- Significant legacy hydro (15% of generation, mostly Alpine)
- Geothermal (unique resource in Tuscany)
- Net importer — receives nuclear from France/Switzerland (not SSS-claimable for Italian customers)
SSS-Eligible Resources
| Resource Type | Capacity/Output | SSS Classification |
|---|---|---|
| Nuclear | 0 MW | ❌ Not available (banned) |
| Legacy Hydro | ~18 GW, ~45 TWh (15%) | ⚠️ Depends on GO retirement status |
| Geothermal | ~800 MW, ~6 TWh | ⚠️ Depends on GO status |
Note: Italy imports significant clean electricity from France and Switzerland, but imports cannot be claimed as SSS for Italian load.
Market Structure
Regulator: ARERA (Autorità di Regolazione per Energia Reti e Ambiente)
Market Model: Liberalized since 2007 for all customers. GME operates wholesale market.
Grid Operator: Terna
Major Utilities:
- Enel, Eni, Edison, A2A
- Many regional utilities
EAC Infrastructure
Primary System: GSE (Gestore dei Servizi Energetici) GO Registry
| Attribute | Details |
|---|---|
| Registry Operator | GSE |
| Standard | EU Guarantee of Origin |
| AIB Member | ✅ Yes — participates in AIB Hub |
| Scope | Renewables, CHP |
Emissions Factors
| Source | Value | Use Case |
|---|---|---|
| Italian Grid Average | ~250-300 gCO2/kWh | Location-based Scope 2 |
| Italian Residual Mix | ~400-450 gCO2/kWh | Market-based Scope 2 |